Occupational differences in the work-strain relationship: Towards the use of situation-specific models

Abstract

Throughout the history of occupational stress research, numerous models have been postulated in an attempt to explain the work-strain relationship (e.g. Ivancevich & Matteson, 1980; Quick & Quick, 1984; Tetrick & LaRocco, 1987). One of the most influential and well-known models is the demand-control theory. The model was developed by Karasek (1979), who proposed that the joint effects of 'demands' and the 'range of decision-making freedom available to the worker' (i.e. job control) were important in predicting strain outcomes. A key aspect of the model is the interactive relationship between job demands and job control. Karasek & Theorell (1990) argue that the risk of psychological strain and physical illness increases in a demanding job only when these demands occur in interaction with low job control.