Energy Balance and Physical Activity Patterns in University Ballet Dancers

Abstract

This study estimates daily energy expenditure (DEE) and the amount and relative intensity of daily activity energy expenditure (AEE) and compares DEE with self-reported daily energy intake (DEI) among university ballet dancers. Three male and eleven female university-level ballet dancers, ranging from 19 to 24 years of age, participated in the study. Daily energy expenditure and physical activity intensity were assessed by minute-to-minute heart rate monitoring during two weekdays and one weekend day. Prior to the assessment of energy expenditure, heart rate-oxygen consumption measurements during sedentary activity and submaximal and maximal exercise were established for each individual. Estimated DEE in male and female dancers was 4,617 ± 1,244 and 2,945 ± 823 kilocalories per day (kcals. day1), respectively. Male dancers accumulated 450 ± 162 min-day-1 and female dancers accumulated 296 ±198 min-day-1 in moderate-to-very hard physical activity (greater than 50% maximal heart rate). Reported DEI was 1,949 kcals-day-1 and 938 kcals-day-1 less than DEE in male and female dancers, respectively (p < 0.05). This information provides a guide to the energy demands of ballet dancers that nutritionists and instructors can use to optimize performance without compromising the health of the dancer.