Preparation and evaluation of biomimetric nano-hydroxyapatite-based composite scaffolds for bone-tissue engineering

Abstract

In the present study, novel biomimetic composite scaffolds with a composition similar to that of natural bone were prepared, using nano-hydroxyapatite, collagen, and phosphatidylserine. The scaffolds possess an interconnected porous structure with a porosity of 84%. The pore size ranges from several micrometers up to about 400 μm. In-vitro studies in simulated body fluids showed that the morphologies of the products derived from mineralization can be regulated by the extracellular matrix components of the scaffolds; this in turn leads to creation of a large number of hydroxyapatite crystals on the scaffold surface. The regulatory properties of collagen and phosphatidylserine also influenced the cell response to the composite scaffolds. MC3T3-E1 cells attached and spread on the surfaces of the materials and interacted with the substrates; this may be the result of charged groups on the composite materials. Radiological analysis suggested that calluses and bone bridges formed in defects within 12 weeks. These composite scaffolds may therefore be a suitable replacement in bone-tissue engineering. © 2012 The Author(s).