A national trauma database analysis of alcohol-associated injuries

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Knowledge of the pattern of alcohol-associated injury (AAI) is lacking in Singapore. We aimed to determine the local demographic pattern, injury mechanism, injury severity and outcomes of AAI. METHODS Data on trauma cases presenting to emergency departments in 2012–2013 was extracted from the National Trauma Registry. Cases with missing data fields and those aged 1–15 years were excluded. Patients were classified as alcohol positive (A+) or negative (A−) based on clinical assessment. The two groups’ demographics, injury mechanism, injury severity, mortality and disposition were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent associations with mortality. RESULTS 105,468 trauma cases met the inclusion criteria. 3.9% were A+ and their peak age range was 25–44 years. The A+ group had more Indian males (p < 0.001), and significantly more assaults, self-harm and falls (p < 0.001). Injuries in the A+ group were more common in public areas and less common in homes, recreational facilities and workplaces. Outcomes in the A+ group showed higher mean Injury Severity Score and mortality (p < 0.001). Significantly more A+ patients were admitted to hospital but had shorter mean length of stay (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression revealed age > 44 years and male gender as independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSION AAI in Singapore is associated with more severe injuries and resource utilisation. Using data from the registry, ‘at risk’ demographic groups are identified for targeted injury prevention. However, alcohol use is not an independent predictor of mortality in trauma cases.