Insoles, knee braces and ankle-foot orthoses in the treatment of medial gonarthrosis: A literature review

Abstract

Background: Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease worldwide and mostly affects the knee joint (gonarthrosis). In treatment algorithms, technical aids in the form of laterally wedged insoles, valgizing knee braces and ankle-foot orthoses have an importance in the treatment of medial unicompartmental knee joint disease. However, national and international guidelines differ in their recommendations. Insoles: Taking into account a great amount of scientific work, the measurable effect of laterally wedged insoles appears to be low, so that a justifying indication only exists at low gonarthrosis levels. Knee braces: Valgizing knee braces have shown stronger biomechanical and clinical effects, but with a slightly increased complication potential and low compliance. Low to medium-grade arthrosis can be treated. Ankle-foot orthoses: Ankle-foot arthroses have not yet been conclusively examined. Initial work indicates biomechanical and clinical efficacy. The overall effects and indications appear comparable to knee braces, probably with less complication potential.