Retorno ao esporte após artroplastia total do joelho: Revisão sistemática

Abstract

This systematic review of the literature aimed to analyze the variables involved in the return to sports activities in patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA), to verify the recommended type of sport, the time to return to sport, patient satisfaction and the level of physical activity after surgery. Studies related to the practice of physical and sports activity after TKA were selected by two independent reviewers. Eleven studies (10 retrospective cross-sectional and 1 case-control) were included. Most patients who participated in any regular physical activity before TKA returned to sports after surgery with low impact sports such as walking, water sports, golf, and stationary bicycle, among others. It was observed that the level of physical activity does not depend on pain and the postoperative symptoms, but on the satisfaction with the surgery, motivation, and functional capacity of individuals. The time take to return to sports ranged from six to 18 months after TKA. Although some studies show that surgeons do not recommend high-impact sports after surgery, some studies have shown good results, provided that the level of activity prior to surgery, the appropriate population and the patient's expectation in the postoperative period are all considered. Thus, it is concluded that the return to sports after TKA is not only possible, as it is recommended at recreational levels, and a collaborative, knowledgeable and well-trained patient can improve both the functional and cardiovascular level, as well as the psychological, with increased self-esteem and quality of life. There is also a need for further studies of good methodological quality as randomized clinical trials on the effects (benefits and damages) of high impact sports for patients who underwent TKA.