The role of spinal fusion in surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis: a review

Abstract

The authors undertook a review of the literature and analysis of the local surgical experience for lumbar stenosis to define the role of simultaneous arthrodesis in the treatment of patients undergoing decompression for spinal stenosis. The restrained use of spinal fusion is recommended in spinal stenosis surgery because of the coexisting medical problems in the elderly patient population and the higher associated complication rate with spinal fusion and instrumentation. A spinal fusion is recommended when decompression is performed in an area of segmental instability as manifested by gross movement on flexion-extension radiographs; when the decompression coincides with an area of degenerative instability, as with scoliosis or spondylolisthesis; or when the decompression creates an iatrogenic instability by the disruption of the posterior elements. The use of spine instrumentation as an adjunct to fusion is recommended when an area of degenerative instability shows evident gross instability or has had additional destabilizing procedures, such as a discectomy or a facetectomy. Spinal fusion is not recommended for a routine decompressive laminectomy for lumbar stenosis or in the case of stable degenerative deformities. New fusion techniques may improve the outcome and decrease the morbidity associated with contemporary methods of spinal fusion and instrumentation.