Intense-field ionization of monoaromatic hydrocarbons using radiation pulses of ultrashort duration: Monohalobenzenes and azabenzenes

Abstract

Using 50-fs, 800-nm pulses, we study the intense-field ionization and fragmentation of the monohalobenzenes C6H5-X (X=F, Cl, Br, I) and of the heterocyclics azabenzene C5H5N (pyridine) and the three diazabenzenes C4H4N2 (pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine). Avoiding focal intensity averaging we find indications of resonance-enhanced MPI. In the monohalobenzenes the propensity for fragmentation increases for increasing Z: fluorobenzene yields predominantly C6H5Fn+, while iodobenzene yields atomic ions with charges up to I8+. We ascribe this to the heavy-atom effect: the large charge of the heavy halogens' nuclei induces ultrafast intersystem crossing to dissociative triplet states.