Transforming growth factor-β: A multifunctional regulator of cancer immunity

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Abstract

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was originally identified as an anti-tumour cytokine. However, there is increasing evidence that it has important roles in the tumour microenvironment (TME) in facilitating cancer progression. TGF-β actively shapes the TME via modulating the host immunity. These actions are highly cell-type specific and complicated, involving both canonical and non-canonical pathways. In this review, we systemically update how TGF-β signalling acts as a checkpoint regulator for cancer immunomodulation. A better appreciation of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms at the molecular level can lead to the discovery of novel and more effective therapeutic strategies for cancer.

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Xue, V. W., Chung, J. Y. F., Córdoba, C. A. G., Cheung, A. H. K., Kang, W., Lam, E. W. F., … Tang, P. M. K. (2020). Transforming growth factor-β: A multifunctional regulator of cancer immunity. Cancers, 12(11), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12113099

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