Adaptive echolocation sounds of insectivorous bats, Pipistrellus abramus , during foraging flights in the field

Abstract

Echolocation pulses emitted by wild Pipistrellus abramus were investigated while foraging for insects in the field. Similar to other European pipistrelles, the frequency structure during foraging varied. During the search phase, the bats emitted long shallow frequency-modulated pulses 9–11ms in duration, whereas the maximum pulse duration of the bats approaching a large target wall in the laboratory was 3ms. No significant difference was observed between decreases in the interpulse interval during these two approach flights. It is concluded that the bats use a long quasi-constant frequency pulse to find a weak echo from a small prey target.