Just-in-time teaching (JiTT): Using the web to enhance classroom learning

Abstract

Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) is a pedagogical system that uses the WWW to enhance learning in the classroom setting. JiTT was developed for use in the introductory physics classes taken by engineering majors at IUPUI and the US Air Force Academy, but its use has spread to a wide range of fields and institutions. At IUPUI, JiTT is now used in physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, sociology, and writing. Elsewhere, in the US, Europe, and Israel, over 100 instructors are using JiTT methods. The JiTT system is built around web-based preparatory assignments that are due a few hours before class. The students complete these assignments at their own pace and submit them electronically. In rum, faculty adjust and organize the classroom lessons in response to the student submissions "Just-in-Time." This establishes a feedback loop between the classroom and the web. The feedback cycle occurs several times each week, encouraging students to stay current. At IUPUI, we have been testing and revising the JiTT method for twelve semesters and are encouraged by the results. Working with the JiTT strategy has convinced us that the web, combined with live teachers in the classroom, can humanize instruction for all students and make a real difference in results, particularly for at-risk students. At IUPUI, attrition in our introductory physics courses has declined by over 40%, and the numbers of students choosing physics as a major or minor has risen significantly. When asked their preferences in post-course surveys, over 90% of students expressed a preference for JiTT over traditional course formats. The development of JiTT at IUPUI has been supported by the National Science Foundation under grants DUE-9981111 and DUE-9752365.