Autism, development and neural plasticity

Abstract

In this chapter, we show evidences derived from carefully designed animal experiments and clinical data, supporting a role of neuroplasticty on the development and physiopathology of autism. Although the exact mode in which genetic and environmental factors interact in various psychiatric conditions, including autism remains largely unclear, a comprehensive understanding of these complex interactions, including the contribution of immune molecules, in the establishment of neuronal connectivity that may drive into phenotypes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is of the greatest importance to understand its causes and develop successful strategies to treat and revert its consequences. Available evidence strongly supports the involvement of maladaptive neuroplasticity, mutations, epigenetic modification, and individual miRNA–related pathways in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of the complex clinical phenotypes that is included in ASD.