Characterising community exercise programmes delivered by fitness instructors for people with neurological conditions: a scoping review

Abstract

A scoping review was conducted to characterise evaluations of community-based exercise programmes (CBEPs) delivered by fitness instructors to people with neurological conditions. Literature published from 1946 to April 2014 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the grey literature were searched. Search terms included community, programme, exercise, adult, brain disease and spinal cord disease. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts for inclusion. One author reviewed full-text articles to evaluate eligibility. Studies were included if the study objective was to evaluate an exercise programme, the programme was community-based and delivered by fitness instructors, exercise participants were ≥18 years of age and had a neurological condition, and a full-text article was available and written in English. After reviewing 1785 titles and abstracts, 18 (1.01%) articles describing 15 studies were included in the review. One author completed data abstraction from the included studies. A second reviewer independently verified the extracted data for accuracy. Exercise programmes most commonly included people with stroke (47%) and Parkinson's disease (40%), incorporated a stand-alone (80%), multi-component (20%), group (67%), individual (20%) and combined format (13%), strength training (40%) and functional/task-oriented training (40%), reported a minimum walking requirement (67%), and involved a healthcare professional (HCP) with various roles (53%), including training (27%), advising and supporting (33%). The most commonly examined participant outcomes were health-related quality of life (60%) and functional balance (47%). More research is needed to develop CBEPs targeting individuals with low ambulatory function and multiple neurological conditions, to develop recommendations for the involvement of HCPs in CBEPs and document their involvement, and to evaluate system-level outcomes such as cost, healthcare utilisation and impact on caregivers. The findings support a number of considerations to guide future research into CBEPs delivered by fitness instructors for individuals with neurological conditions.