Thyroglossal duct cysts and sinuses

Abstract

Thyroglossal duct cysts and sinuses are the remnants of thyroid development occurring along the path of descent of the thyroid anlage from the foramen cecum to the neck in the midline. It is the most common midline neck lesion in children and generally presents as an asymptomatic mobile mass that elevates with protrusion of the tongue or swallowing. The most common indications for surgical excision is infection and risk of malignancy. Surgical excision by Sistrunk procedure is the standard of care and is associated with minimal morbidity. Long-term outcomes are excellent following complete excision with a low risk of recurrence.