A finite-element model to simulate spacial distributions of populations of large mammals

Abstract

Historically, one of the major biome changes is seen in the disappearance of most of the megaherbivore species since the late Pleistocene. Saturated population densities of c2 megaherbivores per km2 undoubtedly had a severe impact on the Pleistocene vegetation. The resulting greater biome diversity has to be taken into account when discussing the composition of today's natural forests. In order to investigate the factors of influence on megaherbivore distributions a finite-element model allowing the calculation of distributions and migrations of big mammals has been developed. Interactions with the vegetational food sources are currently limited to harvesting, neglecting overgrazing effects. By defining different primary production rates and geographic features, different biomes can be represented. Simulations of predator-prey systems show the important role of spatial interactions. An important application of the model is the investigation of theories concerning anthropogenic overkill and its ecological consequences. -from Author