Clinical significance of pressor responses to laboratory stressor testing in hypertension

Abstract

We investigated the relation between presser responses to laboratory stressors and 24-hour blood pressure (BP) variability or left ventricular mass. Mental arithmetic tests, isometric hand grip exercise, and bicycle ergometer exercise were carried out in middle aged normotensive subjects (n = 10) and in age-matched WHO stage I (n = 23) and stage II (n = 11) patients with essential hypertension. Mental arithmetic was associated with a greater rate of increase in plasma epinephrine than in norepinephrine, and handgrip exercise was associated with a greater rate of increase in plasma norepinephrine than in epinephrine in all three groups. Bicycle ergometer exercise caused a remarkable increase in plasma norepinephrine and a mild increase in plasma epinephrine in all three groups. In mental arithmetic tests, presser responses of hypertensive patients were significantly greater than those of normotensives. The presser response during mental tests was significantly correlated with the value of 24-hour BP variability in all subjects (r = 0.56, p < 0.01). The presser response to handgrip increased with the stage of hypertension. A good correlation existed between the presser response to handgrip and the left ventricular mass index in the subjects (r = 0.73, p < 0.001). There was no difference in the presser response to ergometer exercise between any of the groups. The findings suggest that the presser response to mental stress reflects BP variability and that the response to handgrip is correlated with target-organ disease associated with hypertension, especially the degree of cardiac hypertrophy.