Focused obstetrical clinic for active duty junior enlisted service women: Model for improved outcomes

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the utility of an interdisciplinary clinic in improving perinatal outcomes for all pregnant patients of junior enlisted rank (E4 and below) in response to previous reports that this group is at higher risk for adverse outcomes. Methods: The study population included all junior enlisted active duty patients (E4 and below) delivering between January 1, 1993, and June 30, 1996. Outcomes for patients receiving care in a focused active duty obstetrical clinic were compared with outcomes in similar cohorts of senior active duty patients (E5 and above) and non-active duty pregnant patients. Evaluation was based on perinatal outcomes, including chorioamnionitis, postpartum hemorrhage, intrauterine growth retardation, cesarean delivery, preterm delivery rates (<37 weeks), postterm delivery rates (>41 weeks), postpartum days, mean gestational age at delivery, mean delivery weights. Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes, preeclampsia, and premature labor. Variables with potential to confound perinatal outcomes were also studied. Confounding variables included tobacco use, gestational diabetes, chronic hypertension, thyroid disease, history of substance abuse, and alcohol use. Power analysis accomplished before initiation of the study showed adequate sample size (>240 patients in each group) to demonstrate statistically different rates of preterm delivery. Statistical analysis was done using the χ2 test for categorical variables and Student's t test for continuous variables. Results: There were no statistical differences between junior active duty patients, senior active duty patients, and non-active duty patients in preterm delivery and other outcome variables. Conclusion: The focused obstetrical clinic, conducted for junior enlisted soldiers by a senior nurse practitioner, appears to provide an intervention that ensures perinatal outcomes equal to those of both the non-active duty and the senior active duty population.