Modalidades de innovación y construcción de capacidad tecnológica endógena de economías en desarrollo: los catalizadores en Brasil, Colombia y México, 1955-2009

Abstract

The oil industry of Brazil, Colombia and Mexico has developed domestic capability for learning, producing and accumulating technological knowledge. Institutional change and technological strategies initiated during the nineties in Latin America marked the diffe-rences of economic performance of the oil industry in each country. These three coun-tries have not been simple receivers of exogenous technology. Each one of them has de-veloped in a different degree endogenous processes of learning and technological capability in which the modality of innovation depends on the endogenous degree rea-ched for designing, producing and selling catalyzers that refine oil into fuels. Brazil du-ring the past three decades has built, developed and accumulated technological capability successfully. Colombia in the last ten years has also built and develops in a marginal de-gree domestic technological capability through processes of learning linked to foreign firms. In México during the past three decades the accumulated capability for producing technological knowledge on catalyzers has deteriorated