Diagnosis and management of postmenopausal bleeding

Abstract

Postmenopausal bleeding refers to any uterine bleeding that occurs after a woman reaches menopause and accounts for up to 5% of gynecological office visits. Excluding an endometrial malignancy is the key component to the work-up. Ultimately, the management of these patients is dictated by the diagnosis. The differential diagnosis ranges from gynecologic causes to non-gynecologic causes, including urologic and gastrointestinal etiologies.