Development of Explicit Schemes for Diffusive SEAIR COVID-19 Epidemic Spreading Model: An Application to Computational Biology

Abstract

In this contribution, a first-order time scheme is proposed for finding solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs). A mathematical model of the COVID-19 epidemic is modified where the recovery rate of exposed individuals is also considered. The linear stability of the equilibrium states for the modified COVID-19 model is given by finding its Jacobian and applying Routh–Hurwitz criteria on characteristic polynomial. The proposed scheme provides the first-order accuracy in time and second-order accuracy in space. The stability of the proposed scheme is given using the von Neumann stability criterion for standard parabolic PDEs. The consistency for the proposed scheme is also given by expanding the involved terms in it using the Taylor series. The scheme can be used to obtain the condition of getting a positive solution. The stability region of the scheme can be enlarged by choosing suitable values of the contained parameter. Finally, a comparison of the proposed scheme is made with the existing non-standard finite difference method. The results indicate that the non-standard classical technique is incapable of preserving the unique characteristics of the model’s epidemiologically significant solutions, whereas the proposed approaches are capable of doing so. A computational code for the proposed discrete model scheme may be made available to readers upon request for convenience.