Methods of Permeabilization

Abstract

Viable cells are capable of living, developing and reproducing themselves. Under experimental conditions the parameters of viability are diverse and measured by different viability tests, redox potential, integrity of cell membranes, cellular activities, and cellular enzymes. Each assay shows a different angle and may provide the basis of assays related to viability and cytotoxicity. Non-invasive treatment of cells to maintain viability have received wide attention and remained one of the major challenges facing reparative medicine. Biopreservation is one of the most important processes in maintaining the integrity and functionality of cells held outside the native environment for extended storage times. The importance of preservation is exemplified by the long-term storage of red blood cells (RBCs), critical to ensure safe blood supply for transfusion medicine (Scott et al, Transfus Med Rev 19:127--142, 2005). This chapter describes different cell manipulations that all aim to make cells permeable while maintaining not only the structural but also the functional integrity of cells. Unfortunately there is no unique, fast, reliable solution to permeabilization that could be of general use. The discussion of permeabilization methods will include the advantages and disadvantages of these methods.