Receptors in Immunodiagnostics: Antibodies, Antibody Fragments, Single Domain Antibodies and Aptamers

Abstract

Immunodiagnostics that can detect the target analytes such as organic molecules, pathogens, synthetic chemicals, in the sample with high sensitivity and specificity, that are easy to perform, and are highly stable so that the detection can be carried out near point of care are continuously sought after. The biosensors or the receptors that capture or bind to the analyte in the sample are one of the most crucial components of a successful diagnostic assay. Such receptors have to be easy to produce, should be cheap, should have high affinity towards the analyte, stable at various reaction conditions and also be able to be immobilized on the solid surface. This chapter gives an overview about the basic structure, methods to produce and usage of such receptors in the immunodiagnostics. The receptors that have been discussed include antibodies, antibody fragments, single domain antibodies and nucleic acid aptamers.