Robotic-Assisted Transanal Repair of a Rectovaginal Fistula

Abstract

Background: Various methods exist for the treatment of rectovaginal fistulas, with the choice of repair largely dependent on the fistula location. Options include local repair with mucosal advancement flaps, the use of agents like fibrin glue, and an abdominal approach with resection and colo-anal reconstruction. Traditionally, local repair with mucosal advancement flaps is reserved for simple, low rectovaginal fistulas, while high rectal fistulas require a transabdominal approach.1,2 Methods: Here, we demonstrate an innovative approach for the treatment of a complex, high rectovaginal fistula in a patient with a hostile pelvis via a transanal approach with robotic assistance. The video demonstrates the basic steps of a repair of a rectovaginal fistula: debridement of the fistula tract, mobilization of the mucosal advancement flap, primary closure of the fistula tract, suturing of the mucosal advancement flap, and flexible sigmoidoscopy to confirm lumen patency and visualization of the closure. Results: By utilizing robotic assistance, we were provided with improved dexterity, precision, and scalability to accomplish the complex task of dissection, suturing, and knot tying in the confines of the rectum. Conclusions: We suggest that this approach can be used on selected patients with high rectovaginal fistula or other rectal pathology who are otherwise not candidates for a transanal approach.