Diffusive origin of the cosmic-ray spectral hardening

Abstract

Recent data from ATIC, CREAM and PAMELA revealed that the energy spectra of cosmic ray (CR) nuclei above 100 GeV/nucleon experience a remarkable hardening with increasing energy. This effect cannot be recovered by the conventional descriptions of CR acceleration and diffusive propagation processes. Using analytical calculations, I show that the hardening effect can be consequence of a spatial change of the CR diffusion properties in different regions of the Galaxy. I discuss the implications of this scenario for the main CR observables and its connections with the open issues of the CR physics.