Radiolytically Synthesized Noble Metal Nanoparticles: Sensor Applications

Abstract

Nanotechnology is a discipline that has grown exponentially over the last few decades. The unique properties of nanomaterials, including optical, thermal, electromagnetic etc., make them a highly attractive proposition for a vast array of applications, ranging from medical science to defense technologies. The singular optical properties of noble metal nanoparticles, in particular, have helped develop highly sophisticated sensor systems for estimating trace levels of various analytes. This chapter brings into focus some of the recent developments in the field of sensors based on the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) properties of Gold (Au) and Silver (Ag) nanoparticles. The use of ionizing radiation, such as Co-60 gamma, for fabrication of polymer stabilized Au and Ag nanoparticles via radiolytic route has proved to be one of the most attractive and convenient techniques for nanosynthesis. Using gamma radiation, Au and Ag nanoparticles have been synthesized and successfully employed as LSPR based sensors for estimation of trace levels of analytes such as H2O2, Hg2+, dopamine and Uric Acid. In a nutshell, the chapter highlights how the wedlock between radiation and nanotechnology is fast emerging as a powerful tool to design new materials that can cater to high end applications.