High-intensity interval training remodels the proteome and acetylome of human skeletal muscle

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Abstract

Exercise is an effective strategy in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. Alterations in the skeletal muscle proteome, including post-translational modifications, regulate its metabolic adaptations to exercise. Here, we examined the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the proteome and acetylome of human skeletal muscle, revealing the response of 3168 proteins and 1263 lysine acetyl-sites on 464 acetylated proteins. We identified global protein adaptations to exercise training involved in metabolism, excitation-contraction coupling, and myofibrillar calcium sensitivity. Furthermore, HIIT increased the acetylation of mitochondrial proteins, particularly those of complex V. We also highlight the regulation of exercise-responsive histone acetyl-sites. These data demonstrate the plasticity of the skeletal muscle proteome and acetylome, providing insight into the regulation of contractile, metabolic and transcriptional processes within skeletal muscle. Herein, we provide a substantial hypothesis-generating resource to stimulate further mechanistic research investigating how exercise improves metabolic health.

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Hostrup, M., Lemminger, A. K., Stocks, B., Gonzalez-Franquesa, A., Larsen, J. K., Quesada, J. P., … Deshmukh, A. S. (2022). High-intensity interval training remodels the proteome and acetylome of human skeletal muscle. ELife, 11. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.69802

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