A grouping-based frequency support scheme for wind farm under cyber uncertainty

Abstract

The injection of a significant amount of wind power tends to increase the difficulty of the grid frequency control. Therefore, wind farm (WF) has to have the ability to participate in system frequency support. However, during the frequency control process in a large WF, individual wind generators may prone to instability due to possible over-deceleration. In addition, the deeply-intertwined cyber physical power system (CPPS) has gradually replaced the traditional grid due to the development of information and communication technology. However, CPPS also introduces cyber uncertainties that have a significant negative impact on the real-time control of power system. To address above issues, this paper considering possible cyber uncertainty, and proposes a grouping-based hierarchical frequency support scheme for WF. In the proposed scheme, the variable speed wind turbines (VSWTs) are clustered into several groups, according to their wind profiles at first, by dispatching the same control commands to the VSWTs belonging to the same group. As a result, the number of the VSWTs and control variables reduces significantly. Then, a hierarchical control scheme based on virtual inertial control is proposed with consideration of possible cyber uncertainty. The top-layer controller determines whether cyber uncertainty exists, and calculates power increment based on frequency deviation and cyber uncertainty. The bottom-layer controller coordinates the power increment distribution on the basis of ensuring the safe operation of all VSWTs. By do this, it is expected to achieve not only optimal frequency response but also wind generator stability. The effectiveness of proposed scheme is verified on a simulation platform built using MATLAB.