Periodontal Tissue and Serum Concentration of Clarithromycin After Systemic Administration in Patients Affected by Chronic Periodontitis

Abstract

Background: During the past two decades, dentists and microbiologists have relied on periodontal antibiotic therapy in the management of periodontitis. This association has accumulated and strengthened exponentially. Macrolides attain high therapeutic concentrations in infected tissue, so they are potentially a good choice for inhibiting invasive periodontal pathogens. Clarithromycin accumulates in phagocytes, monocytes, fibroblasts, polymorphonuclear cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes. These cells are more numerous at inflamed sites, so it is reasonable to expect clarithromycin levels to be higher in periodontally diseased sites. This study determines the distribution profile of clarithromycin in the gingiva of patients with periodontitis compared to serum after systemic administration of clarithromycin. Methods: Twenty patients (14 males and six females, aged 25 to 45 years) with chronic periodontitis were enrolled in the study. Gingival index and plaque index were recorded at baseline and 3 days after administration of 500 mg clarithromycin, twice daily, for 3 days. Intravenous blood and biopsy of periodontal tissue samples were taken on the third day. These samples were analyzed for detection of clarithromycin concentration using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Results: Approximately 6 hours after the last dose of clarithromycin, mean clarithromycin concentrations in serum and periodontal tissue were 0.465 μg/mL and 2.61 μg/g, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions: Clarithromycin can attain higher levels in gingiva than serum of patients with periodontitis. This distribution profile of clarithromycin can thus be advantageous in the management of periodontal lesions.