Hydrogels for Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution

Abstract

Significant needs and efforts have been made in the development of novel hydrogels for early detecting and effectively removing heavy metal ions from environments. In this review, three types of hydrogels used for removal of heavy metal ions and associated ion capture-release mechanisms are discussed. Well-defined three-dimensional porous structures, coupled with highly hydrated and versatile chemical groups, are the keys to developing effective hydrogels for removal of toxic heavy ions. Biomolecule-conjugated hydrogels and stimuli-responsive hydrogels are the promising next generation materials for detection and removal of toxic heavy metal ions due to their selectively binding metal ions in a controlled manner.