Autologous blood donation in support of cardiac surgery: a preliminary report on a hospital-based autologous donor programme

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the success or otherwise of the introduction of an autologous blood programme in support of cardiac surgery in reducing patient exposure to allogeneic blood products and to assess the guideline of two units as the collection schedule for such patients. Sixty-six patients were enrolled in the programme provided they met defined clinical conditions and donated one, two or three units of blood at seven-day intervals, using isovolaemic conditions. One minor vasovagal adverse reaction was recorded. Of the 66 patients, 51 (77%) avoided allogeneic red cells and 42 (64%) received no allogeneic product. If each patient deposited two units, 51 (77%) would have required no allogeneic red cells; if three units were deposited, 57 (86%) patients would have required no allogeneic red cells, but 60 units would be surplus to requirements. Comparison of 52 patients for coronary artery bypass grafting who were autologous donors, with 130 patients undergoing the procedure before the availability of autologous blood, supports the suggestions that there is increased readiness to initiate transfusion of autologous blood and that exposure to allogeneic red cells is reduced. However, exposure to allogeneic products of all kinds is not reduced. It is concluded that the collection of two units of autologous blood is appropriate for most eligible patients and that this reduces exposure to allogeneic red cells. However, the failure to influence allogeneic blood product exposure implies that if autologous blood donation for this group of patients is to contribute to reduced patient exposure to allogeneic donors, critical appraisal of the need for transfusion of blood components other than red cells will be required. © 1994 Canadian Anesthesiologists.