Sedation may alter laryngeal anatomy, function, and respiratory mechanics; therefore, it is essential that the practitioner has a thorough understanding of the pediatric airway. Physical examination reveals the general condition of a patient and the degree of the airway compromise. During sedation, adequate oxygenation and ventilation must be maintained despite a relative decrease in rate and depth of respiration. Conditions that interfere with the integrity of the laryngeal inlet or upper larynx may impair effective ventilation as a result of partial or complete airway obstruction. Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a spectrum of disorders ranging from primary snoring to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). When sedation without a secured airway is planned it is imperative that the level of consciousness, adequacy of ventilation, and oxygenation be continuously monitored and the risk of apnea be evaluated. When a child is sedated, the best prevention is to insure that the position provides the best anatomic orientation for airway patency.
CITATION STYLE
Ferrari, L. R. (2015). The history of sedation. In Pediatric Sedation Outside of the Operating Room: A Multispecialty International Collaboration, Second Edition (pp. 95–109). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1390-9_7
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