Ovulation and early embryogenesis in swine

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Abstract

Thirty gilts were used to examine if the sequence in which oocytes were released at ovulation contributed to differences in embryonic development and uterine secretions by Day 12 (Day 0 = onset of estrus). Oocytes of follicles destined to ovulate last were recovered 42 h after injecting proestrous gilts with hCG, incubated with a fluorescent stain, and returned to the donor's oviduct. These later-maturing oocytes subsequently became the lesser-developed (p < 0.01) embryos on Day 4. In a second experiment, lesser- vs. more-developed Day 4 embryos from additional gilts were transferred to ligated uterine horns of non-pregnant gilts. Subsequently, the lesser-developed Day 4 embryos became the smaller (p < 0.01) blastocysts within a litter on Day 12. Uterine flushings associated with lesser-developed embryos on Day 12 contained less estradiol (p < 0.01), less total protein (p < 0.10), and less acid phosphatase activity (p < 0.05), but total content of calcium was not different compared to flushings that contained more-developed embryos. Analysis of uterine flushings with two-dimensional PAGE procedures indicated advanced uteroferrin-associated glycoprotein secretion from the horn that contained more-developed embryos. Results of these experiments suggested that oocytes of later-ovulating follicles were progenitors of smaller embryos, which probably stimulated uterine secretion later than more advanced littermates on Day 12.

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Xie, S., Broermann, D. M., Nephew, K. P., Geisert, R. D., & Pope, W. F. (1990). Ovulation and early embryogenesis in swine. Biology of Reproduction, 43(2), 236–240. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod43.2.236

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