A literature review on the vaccination of covid-19 in pregnant and breastfeeding women: Effectiveness and safety

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Pregnant women and breastfeeding women who are infected with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus have a high risk, but pregnant women and women who breastfeed are not included in the initial vaccine trial for COVID-19. There are currently no clinical data on the use of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in pregnant and lactating women. AIM: This study aims to get an overview of vaccinations for pregnant and lactating women. METHODS: The method used in this paper is the Literature Review study. The data-based used in the source search were Google Scholar, PubMed, JAMA, and AJOG which aimed to collect themes regarding the discussion of COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women. The COVID-19 mRNA vaccine creates immunity in pregnant and lactating women. RESULTS: IgG immunoglobulin after vaccination in pregnant, lactating, and non-pregnant women increased significantly and was stronger than pregnant women who were previously infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). CONCLUSION: Pregnant and lactating women have a stronger immune response after being vaccinated than pregnant women who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Immune transfer to neonates occurs through the placenta and breast milk, antibodies are formed after vaccination in the third trimester of pregnancy. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity reactions after the vaccine are the same as for nonpregnant women. Therefore, education is needed by health workers to patients about the risks and benefits of vaccines for pregnant and lactating women.