Endocrinological outcomes of intraoperative MRI-guided endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for non-functioning pituitary adenoma

Abstract

AIM: To assess the endocrinological outcomes of high-field (1.5-T) intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI)-guided endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) for non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs). MATERIAL and METHODS: Radiological and endocrinological data were retrospectively collected and analyzed for 133 consecutive patients who underwent iMRI-guided endoscopic TSS for NFPA. RESULTS: Between the first and final scans, the gross total resection (GTR) rate increased from 42.9% to 63.9%. Preoperatively, 105 patients were deficient in at least 1 pituitary hormone axis (corticotroph axis: 51 patients, gonadotrope axis: 89 patients, thyrotrope axis: 51 patients, growth hormone axis: 19 patients). After surgery, varying rates of improvement were observed in patients with deficiencies in the growth hormone (89.5%), corticotroph (78.4%), gonadotrope (49.4%), and thyrotrope axes (33.3%). Pituitary function deteriorated in 75 patients (corticotroph axis: 23 patients, gonadotrope axis: 30, thyrotrope axis: 56 patients). Univariate logistic regression analyses revealed that, among patients with hypopituitarism of the gonadotrope axis, women were more likely than men to experience recovery (odds ratio [OR]: 0.417, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.191-0.913; p=0.029) and not experience deterioration (OR: 2.539, 95% CI: 1.057-6.098; p=0.037). The increased GTR rate, based on the iMRI findings, was not associated with an increased incidence of postoperative hypopituitarism or lower recovery rates in the pituitary axes (both p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The GTR rate for NFPAs was increased using iMRI, although this increase was not associated with improvement or deterioration of hypopituitarism.