Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of programmed death ligant-1 expression in gastric cancer: A meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant tumor with a high incidence in China. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has become the focus of tumor immunotherapy in recent years. This study was to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of programmed death ligant-1 (PD-L1) expression in GC. Methods: We searched the PubMed, ScienceNet, EMbase, CNKI, and Wanfang databases for retrospective cohort studies on the clinicopathology and prognosis of PD-L1 expression in GC published between January 2010 and April 2020. The literature was first selected to extract data according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, then a meta-analysis performed using Stata15.0 software. Publication bias and sensitivity analysis were carried out for the included studies. Results: A total of 3,218 patients in 15 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The positive expression of PD-L1 was related to a decrease in the 3-year survival rate (HR =1.32, 95% CI: 1.02–1.49, P=0.028) and 5-year survival rate (HR =1.39, 95% CI: 1.14–1.69, P=0.001). The difference in PD-L1 expression was related to lymph node metastasis (OR =1.73, 95% CI: 1.18–2.54, P<0.001), but not to tumor stage (OR =1.28, 95% CI: 0.81–2.02, P=0.292). Conclusions: The results show that PD-L1 is related to the prognosis of GC. Its high expression decreases the 3- and 5-year survival rates and promotes lymph node metastasis, but does not reflect tumor stage. The results may provide a theoretical basis for the choice of clinical immunotherapy in GC patients.