Topological localized states in the time delayed Adler model: Bifurcation analysis and interaction law

Abstract

The time-delayed Adler equation is the simplest model for an injected semiconductor laser with coherent injection and optical feedback. It is, however, able to reproduce the existence of topological localized structures (LSs) and their rich interactions. In this paper, we perform the first extended bifurcation analysis of this model and we explore the mechanisms by which LSs emerge. We also derive the effective equations governing the motion of distant LSs and we stress how the lack of parity in time-delayed systems leads to exotic, non-reciprocal, interactions between topological localized states.