Remediation of Dyes Using Supramolecular Material Derived from Carbohydrate Based π-Gelator Using the Bottom-Up Assembly Approach

Abstract

As a consequence of rapid population growth, the earth has faced numerous environmental sustainability issues and crises, water pollution is one of the important points of concern because of industrialization. In particular, effluents discharged from dying industries are rated top among the various industrial effluents, especially by their volume and composition. Annually >7.5 × 105 metric tons of different dyes are produced and consumed in different industries. In order to dye 1 kg of fabric, approximately 100-150 L of water is required, and after the dying process, it is discharged as an effluent either on a landfill or in water bodies. It is our responsibility to conserve environmental sustainability. In this line, we have developed a simple protocol to generate carbohydrate-based amphiphile using D-sorbitol, and pyrene-1-carboxaldehyde in good yield. This carbohydrate-based π-gelator is prone to forming a gel in various solvents and oils by the bottom-up assembly process. Morphological analysis of the self-assembled structure was identified by using optical microscopy and SEM. The viscoelastic behavior of the gel was examined by using rheology. In this paper, we explored the dye adsorption and desorption characteristics of the gel. Further, we have developed a cartridge based on cellulose using a template-assisted assembly phenomenon and demonstrated its potential in adsorbing dyes such as methylene blue, crystal violet, rhodamine B, and Congo red.