Social exclusion and travel

Abstract

Within a triple bottom line approach to travel, the social goal area is perhaps least understood. A number of key concepts are explored that are central to understanding the social contribution of travel, with a focus on links to social inclusion and wellbeing. Measurement of relevant concepts is explained and relationships are established between mobility, household income, social capital, sense of community, and risk of social exclusion. This is shown to be related to wellbeing. The analysis enables estimation of the value of increased travel, as it contributes to social inclusion and improved wellbeing. Those at most risk of social exclusion are shown to be in particular need of higher levels of social interaction for which travel is central. Policy implications of the findings are presented, including the importance of extending travel choice and linking to emerging thinking about accessibility planning.