Pharmaceuticals as Environmental Contaminants: Modelling Distribution and Fate

  • Di Guardo A
  • Calamari D
  • Benfenati E
  • et al.
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Abstract

Concern is growing over the environmental consequences of the use of drugs for human and animal health. Long term treatments for several illnesses are a common mass practice in human health care (e.g. diuretics, beta blockers, antibiotics), a number of females are taking daily hormones to prevent unwanted pregnancies, modern life stress is handled very frequently through sedatives and tranquillizers, moreover there is in animal farming a general trend towards the intensification of production methods and production gains based on greater reliance on pharmaceuticals, feed additives, hormones and potent parasiticides (Halling-Sørensen et al. 1998).

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APA

Di Guardo, A., Calamari, D., Benfenati, E., Halling-Sørensen, B., Zuccato, E., & Fanelli, R. (2004). Pharmaceuticals as Environmental Contaminants: Modelling Distribution and Fate. In Pharmaceuticals in the Environment (pp. 183–194). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09259-0_15

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