Tayub Dance at Tambakromo Gunung Kidul Regency: An Ethnochoreological Perspective

Abstract

Tayub is an old dance form in the Javanese cultural tradition. The value of Tayub’s ties to Javanese agrarian culture is associated with the form of village rituals. A village that still preserves the ritual of Village Purification is Tambakromo Village, Ponjong District in Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta. Tayub at Tambakromo Village is one of the rituals performed for extracting groundwater, referred to as Sendhang Milodo, in the Tukluk area. The traditional religiosity of Tambakromo Village believes in this sendhang as a source of life. This article describes the events of the Tayub dance performance in the Village Purification ritual during the Covid-19 pandemic era using an ethnochoreological approach. In the era of the Covid-19 pandemic, the people of Tukluk Sub-Village, Tambakromo Village, continued to carry out the Village Purification ritual by performing the Tayub dance. Government regulations regarding the use of masks and keeping a safe distance are not obstacles in performing the Tayub dance, even though this dance is a social dance. The community continues to carry out the Village Purification ritual according to the traditional calendar that has been passed down from generation to generation. There is even a belief that the Village Purification ritual is a magical protection which if not carried out will bring disaster to the local community. Tayub merupakan bentuk tarian kuno dalam tradisi budaya Jawa. Tayub memiliki nilai yang terikat dengan budaya agraris berhubungan dengan ritual di desa. Desa Tambakromo, Kecamatan Ponjong, Kabupaten Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta merupakan salah satu daerah yang masih melestarikan ritual Bersih Desa. Tayub Desa Tambakromo merupakan salah satu cara mengabstraksi sumber mata air yakni Sendhang Milodo yang terletak di kawasan Tukluk. Religiusitas tradisional Desa Tambakromo meyakini sendhang ini sebagai sumber kehidupan. Artikel ini mengungkap peristiwa pertunjukan tari Tayub dalam ritual Bersih Desa di era pandemi Covid-19 dengan menggunakan pendekatan etnokoreologi. Pada era pandemi Covid-19 masyarakat Dusun Tukluk Desa Tambakromo tetap menjalankan ritual Bersih Desa dengan mempresentasikan tari Tayub. Peraturan pemerintah terkait penggunaan masker dan jaga jarak tidak menjadi kendala dalam mempresentasikan tari Tayub, meskipun pada dasarnya tari ini merupakan tari pergaulan. Masyarakat tetap melaksanakan ritual Bersih Desa sesuai kalender tradisional yang telah dilakukan secara turun temurun. Bahkan terdapat sebuah keyakinan ritual Bersih Desa menjadi magi proteksi yang ketika tidak dilaksanakan akan mendatangkan bencana bagi masyarakat setempat.