The storm surge prediction over Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea: A review

Abstract

Storm surge is an abnormal rise of sea level generated by a cyclone, over and above the predicted astronomical tide. Storm surges associated with severe tropical cyclones are by far the most damaging rather than rain and strong winds. Death and destruction arise directly from the intense winds that are characteristic of tropical cyclones blowing over a large surface of water. If bounded by a shallow basin, these winds cause the sea water to pile up on the coast and lead to sudden inundation and flooding of coastal regions. In addition, flooding of the river deltas occurs from the combined effects of tides and surges from the sea, which penetrate into the rivers, because at the same time, excess water in the rivers due to heavy rains from the cyclone is trying to flow through the rivers into the sea. Almost all the loss of lives and most of the damage from a tropical cyclone are attributable to the storm surge generated by the cyclones. Thus, the real-time monitoring and warning of storm surges is of great concern. It is necessary that the problem of the storm surge be seriously addressed by the countries of the various regions through collective efforts and in an integrated manner.