Ergonomic errors in a basic microsurgery course

Abstract

Introduction: The implementation of ergonomics in microsurgery minimizes forced positions that cause pain and discomfort in surgeons, which are associated with errors in the surgical technique. Objective: To determine ergonomic errors associated with microsurgery to characterize the relationship between poor posture and pain in different areas of the body. Materials and methods: Observational study conducted in 71 students enrolled in a basic microsurgery course. Two forms were used to assess ergonomic performance: one designed for the professor to record the variables contemplated in each programmed exercise, and another designed for the students to assess the presence of physical discomfort by means of a pain scale. Finally, the relationship between ergonomic position and presence of pain was determined. Results: Ergonomic performance was regular in relation to the position of the feet (57%), arms and forearms (17%), back (17%), and head and neck (5.7%). 25.3% of the participants reported pain in the lumbar region, 19.7% in the trapezius muscle area, 18.5% in the neck, 14% in the hands, and 8.5% in other unspecified areas of the body. Surgical instruments were not in place in 45.8% of the cases. Conclusions: The poor ergonomic positions found among the participants were related to discomfort and pain in the lumbar area and the trapezium muscle area. Wrong posture of the head, neck and arms generated discomfort in the shoulder and back areas, while wrong posture of the legs and feet sensitized the lumbar region.