Understanding the role of nanomaterials in agriculture

Abstract

Nanotechnology offers immense opportunities for improvement in the quality of life through applications in agriculture and the food systems. Development of nanotechnology-based novel agro-products, viz., nanosensors, nano-fertilizers, nano-pesticides and nanoformulations of biocontrol agents, is currently a subject of intense investigation. A variety of nanomaterials has been recommended for use in agriculture, in order to help reduce the consumption of agrochemicals by use of smart delivery systems, minimize the nutrient losses and increase the yield through optimized water and nutrients management. Nanotechnology-derived devices have also been explored in the areas of plant breeding and genetics. Additionally, the agricultural products and/or by-products can be utilized as a source for developing bio-nanocomposites. Nevertheless, the potential advantages of nanotechnology applications in the agricultural sector are still marginal, and have not been commercialized to a significant extent, as compared to other industrial sectors. Researches in the area of agricultural nanotechnology are being extensively pursued in quest for the solutions to the agricultural and environmental challenges, such as sustainability, increased productivity, disease management and crop protection through innovative techniques for monitoring, assessing and controlling the agricultural practices. This chapter provides a basic knowledge about the role of nanotechnology in developing sustainable agriculture and environment, and eventually in the welfare of human society, at large, in the near future.