Ulnar Collateral Ligament: Throwing Biomechanics

Abstract

The overhead throwing motion is created by a complex series of coordinated movements involving different motor groups and the articulations of the upper extremity as well as the kinetic chain. The necessary kinematics of throwing place significant stresses across the joints of the upper extremity, which can lead to potential overload and injury. The throwing motion of the overhead pitch is divided into six segments or phases from wind-up to follow-through. In addition to these upper extremity motions, the kinetic chain increases power and ball velocity through a series of coordinated muscle activation progressing through the lower legs, pelvis, and trunk.