Gender differences in risk factor control and treatment profile in diabetes: A study in 229 Swedish primary health care centres

Abstract

Objective - To measure the risk factors and treatment profile of diabetes patients treated in primary health care (PHC) in order to evaluate potential gender differences. Design - Cross-sectional survey of consecutive diabetes patients. Setting - 229 PHC centres in Sweden. Subjects - 5082 men and 4293 women with diabetes were investigated (1998-2001). Main outcome measures - Glycaemic control (HbA1c), blood pressure, lipid levels, prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy and microalbuminuria. Proportions of patients with previous ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and specific drug treatment. Results - Male patients generally had better blood pressure (<140 and/or 85 mmHg) and glycaemic (HbA1c <6.5%) control than corresponding female patients (44% and 59%, versus 40% and 54% in the 60-75 year age group; p < 0.01). Females showed higher levels of total (p < 0.01) and HDL cholesterol (p < 0.05) than males in all age groups. No gender difference was detected for LDL cholesterol levels in the younger or elderly patients, but in the age group 60-75 years female patients had significantly higher mean LDL cholesterol level than male patients (3.3 vs 3.2 mmol/L; p < 0.05). Previously known manifestations of IHD were more common (p < 0.01) in male patients. Conclusion - Elderly male patients with diabetes had a more favourable risk factor control than corresponding female patients.