Effect of food portion on masticatory parameters in 8- to 10-year-old children

Abstract

The objective of this study was to explore differences in bite size and the amount of intraoral processing of four different foods between a reference and a double portion in 8- to 10-year-old children and, also to explore if there were differences depending on the child's weight status. The study was undertaken in 8- to 10-year-old children (n = 89). Body mass index was determined, and weight status was established based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) guidelines. A reference (half a banana, half a large peeled carrot, a slice of loaf cake, and half a salami stick), and a double portion of each food were offered to children in a randomized order in two different sessions. Three consecutive bites were taken and averaged. Variables in this study were bite size (g), number of cycles until swallowing, sequence duration as well as cycles/g. Comparisons were performed with Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, and Wilcoxon tests, regressions and correlations were run. Bite size was ≈13% larger with the double portion (p ≤.05 for salami, banana, and loaf cake). Cycles/g decreased for all foods with the double portion, although only significantly for banana and loaf cake. Normal and obese children had larger bite sizes (p ≤.05) of banana than overweight children, while only obese had larger bites of loaf cake with the double portion. In conclusion, the bite size of foods in 8- to 10-year-old children increases (13%) when the portion size is doubled and the larger bite size leads to fewer cycles/g (8%). These effects differ among foods. These parameters do not depend on weight status.