Biologically Active Substances of Extracts from Various Wood-Decay Fungi and Their Antioxidant Activity

Abstract

Using GC-MS, the composition of biologically active substances (BAS) was investigated and the antioxidant activity (AOA) of methanol extracts of 10 samples of 5 species of timber fungi collected in the vicinity of Yekaterinburg (Russian Federation) and Fanipol (Republic of Belarus) was studied. All the samples studied are dominated by aliphatic compounds: saturated hydrocarbons, fatty acids, fatty acid amides. In addition, they contain various phenolic compounds and arabitol. The relative content of unsaturated fatty acids decreases in the series of investigated extracts: F. fomentarius, Fanipol – 76,62%; F. pinicola, Yekaterinburg – 74,6%; I. obliquus, Yekaterinburg – 69,91%; I. obliquus, Fanipol – 64,57%; G. applanatum, Fanipol – 63,61%; F. fomentarius, Yekaterinburg – 55,18%; G. applanatum, Eкaтepинбypг – 46,94%; P. betulinus, Yekaterinburg – 33,92%; P. betulinus, Fanipol – 27,52%; F. pinicola, Fanipol – 25,0%. The composition of BAS obtained methanol extracts depends on the species and the place of collection of fruit bodies of xylotrophic fungi. It should be noted that the antioxidant properties of extracts of the studied species of fungi depend on the composition of BAS. The minimum IC50·10–4 corresponds to the maximum antioxidant activity, which decreases in the series: G. applanatum, Fanipol – 5,5; F. fomentarius, Yekaterinburg – 6,03; G. applanatum, Yekaterinburg – 6,76; F. pinicola, Yekaterinburg – 7,94; I. obliquus, Fanipol – 10,0; P. betulinus, Yekaterinburg – 10,0; F. fomentarius, Fanipol – 12,6; F. pinicola, Fanipol –12,6; P.betulinus, Fanipol – 13,8; I. obliquus, Yekaterinburg – 15,8; F. fomentarius, Yekaterinburg – 23,4. Studies have shown that the composition of BAS extracts from the fruit bodies of wood-decay fungi and their AOA depends on the type of decay that they cause, the region of growth and have intraspecific differences.