Optimal Positioning: Wheelchair Seating Comfort and Pressure Mapping

Abstract

Pressure ulcers remain a common problem, incurring great cost to both clients and the health care system. The predominant risk factor for pressure ulcers is interface pressure, that is, the pressure exerted between the body and the seating surface. Interface pressure can be measured by pressure mapping systems, and can assist with pressure ulcer risk assessment by identifying areas of high pressure and postural abnormalities, which both increase the risk of pressure damage. Pressure mapping systems are clinically useful for assisting with cushion selection. In the clinic, the pressure-measuring mat is placed between the client and a variety of seating surfaces in turn. The seating surfaces showing high interface pressure or poor pressure distribution are eliminated. Selection is then further refined on consideration of factors such as comfort, ease of transfers, and maintenance. Pressure mapping is also a valuable tool to guide therapists in the adjustment of complex seating systems. The color-coded pressure maps provide useful biofeedback to clients, caregivers, and health professionals on the importance of weight shifts and optimal postural alignment.