Evolution of Arctic ecosystems during the Neogene Period

Abstract

Traces the evolution of the biological systems of the Arctic Ocean in relation to major environmental physico-chemical factors. Relatively long periods of slow development are replaced at the boundaries of geological epochs by relativley rapid and sharp geomorphological, climatic and biological changes. During the Neogene, phases of rapid development occurred under conditions of major temperature decrease and changes in sea level. Major global coolings might enhance speciation. Although most Arctic organisms are formed primarily by Pacific immigrants, the present-day biological regime of this ocean is almost entirely determined by North Atlantic waters. -P.J.Jarvis