The Fourth Hill of Life: American Indian/Alaska Native Elders

Abstract

The experience of American Indian/Alaska Native Elders is explored through an Indigenous lens from early childhood through the end of life. As the transmitters of culture and knowledge, Elders gain wisdom from a lifetime of experiences embedded in traditional culture and community. Intergenerational trauma has impacted Indigenous communities with 22 \% of the population experiencing Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. In spite of this trauma, the role of Elders in Indigenous communities has remained strong. Elders play a critical role in passing on traditions to children and insuring that tribal communities retain their history and identity. The Anishinaabe Grandfather teachings of wisdom, love, respect, bravery, honesty, humility, and truth are shared as examples of the lessons that Elders learn throughout their lives and pass on to future generations.